蒋 彤：我国商业方法专利权保护范围确定之研究

内 容 摘 要
单纯的商业方法历来被各国排除于专利保护的客体之外，但是互联网驱动的经济利益和行业利益的集合最终打开了电子商业方法专利保护的大门。各国纷纷开始根据自己的需要探究符合切身利益的商业方法保护模式。我国作为WTO成员国，自然不能游离于国际上对于商业方法保护的大环境，但是又要在法律规定的框架内寻求自己利益的最大化。我国在专利法层面上并未排除对商业方法专利保护的可能性，而且事实上也已经有了对商业方法专利授权的先例。因此仅仅在商业方法专利是否应该纳入专利保护客体的范畴内研究对商业方法专利的保护已经不能满足发展的需要。我们急需对商业方法专利保护的更深层次的问题开展研究。而首当其冲地，就是对商业方法专利权保护范围的确定进行探讨。因为无论是专利授权程序还是专利无效程序乃至专利侵权诉讼程序，都无一例外地要面对这个问题，而商业方法专利既有商业经营的流程、步骤和方法，又融合了计算机网络及通信技术等技术手段，因而在判断其保护范围时会遇到许多特殊问题。本文将围绕这个问题分为导言、正文和结论三个部分进行论述。
导言部分通过介绍论文写作的目的、背景、写作方法以及主要结构阐明本文的研究思路。
正文分为四个部分：
第一部分，主要介绍商业方法专利。对商业方法专利的概念及属性进行简要阐述，澄清商业方法专利与传统商业方法、电子商务商业方法之间的关系，说明商业方法专利是以专利形式保护商业方法与计算机、通信技术结合而成的有机整体。同时本部分还对商业方法专利权保护范围的定义以及就商业方法专利权的类型对保护范围的影响进行了探讨。
第二部分，主要阐述商业方法专利权保护范围的确定原则。从确定保护范围的历史沿革中对“周边限定制”和“中心限定制”进行比较，并根据我国的实际情况分析得出适宜我国采用的保护范围确定原则——位于“周边限定制”和“中心限定制”之间的折衷原则。在此基础上进一步阐述我国专利权保护范围的确定原则的含义和适用，确立“以权利要求为准”是确定原则的核心，也是解释保护范围的前提条件，而“说明书和附图用于解释权利要求”是对“以权利要求为准”的补充。同时结合商业方法专利的特殊性分析了“以权利要求为准”的含义，并指出与保护范围有关的对权利要求撰写方面的要求。
第三部分，主要阐述与解释商业方法专利权保护范围有关的问题，包括涉及的法律规定、解释的必要条件、以及有权解释的主体，探讨我国在商业方法保护范围上因解释主体不一致带来的弊端。同时还阐述了解释的原则，并就中、美存在的对功能性限定保护范围的解释不一致的问题进行了深入探讨，指出现行《审查指南》中对功能性限定特征做从宽解释的做法不利于我国对商业方法专利的保护，并对其可能产生的影响进行了深入分析。
第四部分，首先介绍我国对于商业方法专利的保护现状，主要是立法现状、申请现状和保护情况，然后在总结全文的基础上给出对我国现有法律框架下立法方面的修改建议和司法制度改革方面的建议以及配套措施。
结论部分，对全文进行简单回顾，总结出本文的主要观点。

关键词：商业方法、商业方法专利、专利权保护范围、商业方法专利权保护范围、商业方法专利权保护范围的确定原则、商业方法专利权利要求的解释、完善建议

Abstract
Pure business method in times gone by drive all countries is expelled in the a that patent protect outside, but the economic benefits that Internet drive gathers the end openning the protective front door in patent in method in business in electronics with the national interest. All countries starts in droves to investigates according to own demand the business method protection mode that match slices the body benefits. The our country is used as WTO member's country, the nature can't visit to leave to want protective and great environment in method in business, but very much among nations to look for in law rule of frame oneself’s benefits maximizes. The our country did not expel on the patent method level to the protective possibility in patent in method in business, and in fact also there has been to the business method patent the precedent that authorize. The so that study to have can't be satisfy the demand of the development to the protection of the business method patent in business method patent whether should brought into the category of the patent protection an only. We need open the exhibition research to the problem of the protective and deeper level of structure in patent in method in business urgently to. But the first hit a protection for, is to business method patent scope really settles the principle proceeding study. The process of the current business management in patent in business method because whether is a patent authorization procedure or invalid procedure in patent is to patent infringement procedure, all neither the exception ground wants to face this problem,, step with method, blends again calculator network and correspondence technique etc. technique means, as a result while judging its protection scope will meet many special problems. This text will surround this problem is divided into the introduction, text to proceed the treatise with conclusion three parts.
The introduction part passes the purpose, background that introduce the thesis compose, compose method and main constructions clarify the textual research way of thinking.
The text is divided into four chapter:
A concept for, being divided into second section, an introduction electronic commerce business method, business method patent and protective history in patent in method in business origin and development, a define for first introducing patent right protection scope concept, and here foundation ascending derivation to the business method inventing patent right protecting scope.
Chapter 2, is divided into three section, expatiate primarily how to comprehend the business method patent right protection scope to really settle the principle. A history for passing introducing patent right protecting scope origin and development, Chinese and Foreign protect with patent right the scope to really settle the lawmaking of relevant principle, patent right protection scope to really settle meaning and business method patent application a basic meaning for from but getting a business method patent right protection scope really settling principles of the principle; A meaning for passing study that principle inside with right requesting for allowing and how to treat to request the inside to the right to apply limitative this problem of the realm to the business the end outing to protect the scope to the business method patent right with the right requests for the comprehension that allow; A law for passing study to the business method right request protecting scope proceeding limitingly according to, take into the limiting circumstance and involve to the protection scope of the business method right request the right of the contrivance patent application of the business method request the book composes from but expatiate the our country to request to protect the restrict means of the scope to the business method right.
Chapter 3, from expatiate to protect the certain principle in scope with an opposite angle from a different angle of another layer meaning, request to the business method patent right namely hermeneutic, is divided into totally three section. The law that an elucidation explain according to, the essential condition that explain inquiries into, have the corpus that power explain and from here and since then of problem; Section 2 passes to expatiate the general explaining the principle, foreign technique characteristic principle to request with difference right the principle completes to request to proceed to the business method patent right to explain to expatiate regularly;Section 3 passes an appeal trial the case a derivation to the inside, beautiful two country the hermeneutic the reason and counterplans analysis that creation disagree that concerning function limit the characteristic limit the position of the characteristic from but clarify the function that our hermeneutic business method patent right request protection scope that with the principle.
A protection for, first introducing our country for business method patent present condition, then in foundation that tally up the full text out to our the current law frame descends legislative modification suggestion and integrations.
The conclusion is part of, proceeding the simple review to the full text, tallying up the textual and main standpoint.

Key phrase: Business method, business method patent, patent right protection scope, business method patent right protection scope，the doctrine of the definition of business method patent right protection scope, the explanation of business method patent claims, the suggestion of perfection

目 录
文献综述 1
导 言 4
第一部分 商业方法专利及商业方法专利权保护范围概述 8
一、商业方法专利概述 8
（一）商业方法的含义 8
（二）电子商务商业方法的含义 10
（三）商业方法专利的概念和属性 10
（四）从商业方法专利的保护趋势中得到的启示 12
二、商业方法专利权保护范围概述 13
（一）专利权保护范围的定义 14
（二）商业方法专利权保护范围的定义 14
（三）商业方法专利权的类型 15
第二部分 商业方法专利权保护范围的确定 16
一、有关历史沿革 16
（一）以英、美为代表的“周边限定制” 16
（二）以德国为代表的“中心限定制” 17
（三）比较分析 18
（四）我国的现状及启示 18
二、我国商业方法专利权保护范围的确定原则 19
（一）确定原则的含义 19
（二）对确定原则的适用 21
三、“以权利要求为准”的含义 22
（一）权利要求对保护范围的限定作用 22
（二）商业方法特征与技术特征的关系 22
（三）商业方法特征的地位和作用 23
（四）如何看待对权利要求中有关商业应用领域的限定 24
四、我国对与确定保护范围有关的权利要求撰写方面的要求 25
（一）有关法律规定 25
（二）法律规定的适用 26
（三）权利要求书的撰写 27
第三部分 商业方法专利权保护范围的解释 28
一、解释的必要条件以及有权解释的主体 28
（一）解释的必要条件 28
（二）解释的主体以及产生的问题 29
二、对商业方法专利权利要求进行解释的原则 30
（一）一般解释原则 30
（二）外来技术特征原则 33
（三）差别权利要求原则 33
三、对功能性限定特征的解释 34
（一）从一个复审案例引出的问题 34
（二）对分歧产生原因的分析 34
（三）对于功能性限定给保护范围带来的影响的思考 34
第四部分 完善我国商业方法专利权保护范围确定原则的建议 34
一、我国对于商业方法专利的保护现状 34
（一）立法现状 34
（二）申请现状及保护情况 34
（三）思考 34
二、对我国现有法律框架下立法的修改建议 34
（一）建立统一的确定原则 34
（二）修改专利法第26条第4款 34
（三）修改现有审查指南 34
三、有关对司法制度方面改革的建议 34
四、其他辅助措施 34
结 论 34
参考文献 34